Metric ton

The  ton  (from Latin  tunna  'the barrel') or  metric ton  with the unit symbol “t” is a unit of mass measurement. According to the international system of units, one ton is equal to 1000 kilograms (or one million grams, i.e. one  megagram ). In countries where the metric system is the standard, it is usually simply spoken as “ton”. In all other countries, especially in the Anglo-Saxon-speaking area, one speaks of the “metric ton” ( metric ton , not to be confused with meter ton) to   distinguish it from the long ton  and the  short ton .

In some scientific books and magazines, as well as occasionally in official announcements, ^[1]  the step is taken from the designation “ton” to the designation “megagram” (Mg). This is intended to avoid confusion, especially at international level. Accordingly, the “gigaton” (Gt) is now sometimes replaced by “petagram” (Pg) in English-language literature. ^[2]

Although the ton is not part of the International System of Units (SI), it is approved for use with the SI. ^[3]  In the EU and Switzerland it is a legal entity. ^[4]

Decimal multiples

Of course, all other prefixes for units of measurement are also conceivable, and some are also used.

In German agriculture, the units quintal (unit symbol: ztr; corresponds to 50 kg) and the resulting quintalner (unit symbol: dz; corresponds to 100 kg) were often used. In Germany, the quintal has been replaced by the legal unit “deziton” (unit symbol: dt). Thus, the old unit dz has the same mass as the new unit dt (1 dz = 1 dt = 100 kg). In German books, agricultural yields are often given in “decitons per hectare” (dt/ha), but internationally they are given in the ten times larger unit “tons per hectare” (t/ha); This in turn is increasingly being replaced in recent literature by the term “megagram per hectare” (Mg/ha).

The following applies:  .

Long tone

The so-called  Long ton  – from English  long ton , literally “long ton”; also called “British ton” – is a unit of mass in the Avoirdupois system of measurement. The unit symbol of the long ton is  tn. l.  (with spaces). The long ton corresponds to 20  long hundredweight  and therefore 2240 Anglo-American pounds (English  pound ).

1 tn. l. = 20 l. ctw. = 160 pcs. = 2240 lbs. = 1016.0469088 kg

In the military sector, the unit is often used with the unit symbol  ts  - from English  tons standard  . The long ton is used particularly for the standard displacement of a ship set at the 1922 naval conference in Washington   . ^[5]  The specified sizes of the standard displacement result in round numbers in tons.

The term  long ton  was created to distinguish it from the  short ton .

Short tone

Physical unit
Unit name	American ton; English  short tone
Unit symbol
Physical quantity(s)	Dimensions
Formula symbols
dimension	M
system	Anglo-American measurement system
In SI units	1 tn. sh.. = 907.184 kg
Derived from	Short hundredweight

The so-called  short ton  – from English  short ton , literally “short ton”; also called “American ton” – is a unit of mass that is mainly used in the USA. The unit symbol is:  tn. sh.  (with spaces). One short ton corresponds to 20  short hundredweight  and therefore 2000 Anglo-American pounds (pounds).

1 tn. sh. = 20s. ctw. = 2000 lb = 907.18474 kg

More “tons”

Mining

In mining, the so-called  Dry Metric Ton Unit  (  DMTU for short , American English for “dry metric ton unit”) is used. 1 DMTU corresponds to one metric ton of ore without water content with a metal content of one percent, ^[6]  which corresponds to a metal weight of 10 kilograms. For example, if the price of a 48 percent manganese ore is given as $2.30/DMTU, the ore is traded at 48 × $2.30/ton.

Annual ton, daily ton

When specifying the production capacity of mass-produced goods, such as steel or chemicals, the description “annual ton”, or “Jato” or “jato” for short, is or was often used instead of “tons per year”; analogous to “day ton” (tato). However, similar to “kilometer per hour”, the designations do not conform to standards. ^[7]  In English, the abbreviation ' tpa ' (for ' tons per annum ' or ' tonnes per annum ') is common.

Historical tons

The Prussian ton was a measure of volume, space or hollowness for bulk goods such as salt, lime, gypsum, coal, charcoal, ash and similarly coarse goods. ^[8th]

• 1 ton = 4 bushels =  7 ¹ ⁄ ₂   cubic feet (Prussia) = 11,082.968 Parisian cubic inches = 219.846 liters

Examples:

• 1 ton of salt = 405 pounds
• 1 ton of linseed = 6522.7885 Paris cubic inches = 129.3885 liters
• 1 ton of beer = 100 quarts (Prussia after 1816) ≈ 114,500 liters

In Riga the bin was also used for bulk goods, but was calculated as follows: ^[9]

• 1 ton of hard coal = 494.4 Stoof = 31,784 Parisian cubic inches = 630.48 liters
  • 12 tons of hard coal = 1 load
• 1 ton of salt =  106 ¹ ⁄ ₁₅   Stoof = 6818.5 Parisian cubic inches = 135.255 liters
  • 18 tons of salt = 1 load
• 1 ton of pegs = 96 Stoof = 6171.6 Parisian cubic inches = 122.42 liters
• 1 ton of grain or lime = 2 loof = 12 kulmet = 108 stoof = 6818.5 Parisian cubic inches = 137.726 liters

The  Lüneburg salt barrel ^[10]  had been a measure of weight since the 13th century and was protected by imperial decree.

• 1 ton of salt = 6 bushels = 3 eyelet buntings

A Lüneburg salt barrel as a measuring and standard vessel:

• 1 ton of salt = 136.08 kilograms net (gross 153.09 kilograms or 156.492 kilograms)
• 12 tons of salt = 1 load

In Königsberg and Danzig the barrel was a piece of measurement in the herring trade.

• 1 ton = 13 choice = 1040 pieces ^[11]

• 1 Russian ton = 6.2 Berkowitz = 1015.6 kg (metric) ^[12]

A special feature ^[13]  for the ton measure is known from Braunschweig, Hamburg ^[14]  and Bremen. This barrel is kept under countable dimensions. Here the measure for butter was given the addition of small or narrow (small band) or large band or bucket (large band), so:

• Braunschweig, Hamburg: 1 ton large band = 280 pounds
• Braunschweig, Hamburg: 1 ton of small tape = 224 pounds
• Bremen: 1 ton bucket band = 300 pounds
• Bremen: 1 ton of narrow band = 220 pounds

Historical “tons” as a measure of area

In Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Denmark, Norway and Iceland there were also barrel designations as an area measure.

Ton as a measure of volume

The register ton is a volume measure used in ship surveying.

Individual evidence

1. ↑  For example, the announcement from April 28, 2014, informing the public about the results of emissions measurements in the Ruhleben waste-to-energy plant for 2013 http://www.kulturbuch-verlag.de/Service/amtsblatt-fur-berlin/kostenloser-lese-service /pdfl/19re.pdf/file" class="external text" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 187); background: none right center no-repeat; padding-right: 0px;"> Page no longer available , search in web archives:  Berlin Official Journal No. 19/May 9, 2014 (PDF; 1.5 MB)
2. ↑  Charles W. Rice  Storing Carbon in Soil: Why and How?  American Geological Institute , published by  Geotimes , January 15, 2002 (Latin American-English); accessed on: July 3, 2013
3. ↑  Le Système international d'unités . 9e édition, 2019 (the so-called “SI brochure”, French and English).
4. ↑  Due to the EU Directive 80/181/EEC in the EU states and the Federal Law on Metrology in Switzerland
5. ↑  Erich Gröner, Dieter Jung, Martin Maass:  The German warships 1815–1945 . Volume 1:  Ironclads, ships of the line, battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, gunboats . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7637-4800-8, p. 9.
6. ↑  Dry Metric Ton Unit (Latin-American-English) - page in the  Commodities Glossary  at  IndexMundi  (accessed on: July 3, 2013)
7. ↑  DIN 1301 Part 3 lists “annual ton” and “daily ton” under “units that are no longer applicable” - without conversion, but simply as “Was used incorrectly [...].” The usage in connection with a specific year is completely wrong: “In 2020, 1000 tons were produced annually.”
8. ↑  Christian Noback, Friedrich Noback:  Book of coins, measures and weights: the money, measures and exchange systems, the rates, government securities, banks, trading institutions and customs of all states and more important places.  FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1858, p. 97.
9. ↑  Christian Noback, Friedrich Noback:  Book of coins, measures and weights: the money, measures and exchange systems, the rates, government securities, banks, trading institutions and customs of all states and more important places.  FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1858, p. 618.
10. ↑  Albert Zimmermann, Gudrun Vuillemin-Diem:  Mensura.  1st half volume, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-11-085961-0, p. 250.
11. ↑  Christian Noback, Friedrich Noback:  Book of coins, measures and weights: the money, measures and exchange systems, the rates, government securities, banks, trading institutions and customs of all states and more important places.  FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1858, pp. 171 and 330
12. ↑  Erna Pagelt, Hansgeorg Laporte:  Units and types of quantities in the natural sciences.  Specialist book publisher, Leipzig 1964, p. 273.
13. ↑  Johann Friedrich Krüger:  Complete handbook of coins, dimensions and weights of all countries in the world.  Gottfried Basse publishing house, Quedlinburg/Leipzig 1830, pp. 14, 350.
14. ↑  Georg Thomas Flugel:  Cours-Zettel continued as a handbook of coins, measurements, weights and customs, as well as the exchange, banking, government securities and stock systems for European and non-European countries and cities for bankers, merchants and manufacturers.  Jägersche book, paper and map store, Frankfurt am Main 1859, pp. 69, 134.
15. Source:  https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne_(Unit)

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